Species Overview

Axolotls are fully aquatic amphibians native to the lake systems of Xochimilco, Mexico. Unlike most amphibians, axolotls remain in their larval stage for life (a condition known as neoteny), keeping their feathery gills and tail fins. Their low-maintenance temperament and unique appearance make them a favorite among exotic pet enthusiasts.

Care Level: Beginner to Intermediate
Adult Size: 6–12 inches (average around 9 inches)
Average Lifespan: 10–15 years in captivity
Activity Pattern: Nocturnal to crepuscular
Temperament: Calm, solitary, and sensitive to environmental changes

Enclosure Setup

Axolotls are aquatic and require a stable, cool-water tank with minimal flow. Avoid tankmates, as they may nip or stress each other out.

Minimum Enclosure Size: 20 gallons for one adult (long horizontal layout preferred)
Tank Type: Glass aquarium with secure mesh lid (to prevent escapes)
Substrate: Fine sand or bare-bottom — avoid gravel (risk of impaction)
Décor: Smooth hides, driftwood, PVC pipes, or live plants (anchored)
Filtration: Sponge filter or low-flow internal filter to prevent strong current
Lighting: No special lighting required — avoid intense lights; low ambient lighting preferred
Water Source: Dechlorinated or pre-treated tap water

Environmental Parameters

Axolotls are extremely sensitive to poor water quality and temperature fluctuations.

Water Temperature: 60–68°F (16–20°C) — avoid temps above 72°F
pH Range: 6.5–8.0
Ammonia/Nitrites: 0 ppm
Nitrates: <40 ppm
Water Changes: 20–30% weekly with siphoning of waste
Filtration Notes: Use sponge pre-filters or gentle filtration to prevent gill damage

Diet and Feeding

Axolotls are carnivorous and feed primarily on soft, sinking proteins.

Primary Food Items:

• Earthworms (nightcrawlers)

• Bloodworms (frozen or live)

• Sinking axolotl pellets

• Soft salmon pellets or blackworms (occasionally)

Feeding Frequency:

• Juveniles: Once daily

• Adults: 2–3 times per week

Feeding Notes: Remove uneaten food to prevent water fouling. Avoid hard or sharp foods.

Maintenance and Hygiene

Daily: Spot clean uneaten food; check temperature and water clarity
Weekly: Water changes, waste siphoning, and filter checks
Monthly: Full water test (ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, pH), clean filter media

Water Quality Tip: Use a water conditioner every time you add water. Regular testing is crucial for axolotl health.

Behavior and Handling

Behavior: Solitary, slow-moving, and primarily bottom dwellers
Handling: Avoid unless absolutely necessary — axolotl skin and gills are extremely delicate
Tankmates: Best kept alone; other axolotls only if same size and adequate space

Breeding Information

Sexing:

• Males: Swollen cloaca, slimmer body

• Females: Rounder bodies, especially when carrying eggs

Breeding Setup:

• Cooler water and increased feeding can trigger spawning

• Eggs are deposited on plants or surfaces — remove adults post-laying

Rearing Larvae:

• Eggs hatch in 2 weeks

• Feed infusoria or baby brine shrimp

• Separate by size to prevent cannibalism

Common Health Concerns

Impaction: Caused by ingesting gravel or improper food — prevent with fine substrate and soft diet
Fungal Infections: White patches on gills or limbs — treat with salt baths or consult a vet
Ammonia Burn: Red, irritated gills or skin — caused by poor water quality

Vet Care: Seek an exotic vet with aquatic experience if signs of lethargy, floating, or skin deterioration occur

Fun Facts

• Axolotls can regenerate entire limbs, tails, parts of their heart, and even sections of their brain!

• They were once worshipped by the Aztecs as a manifestation of the god Xolotl.

• Their gills “flutter” constantly to increase oxygen intake from the water.

• Wild populations are critically endangered, but they are thriving in captivity due to responsible breeders.

Hunter’s Picks – Axolotl Setup Essentials

These are the exact products I recommend for a clean, healthy, and long-lasting axolotl setup:

• REPTI ZOO 20-Gallon Tank – Affordable, escape-proof, and easy to clean. Great starter tank for a single axolotl.

• AQQA Sponge Filter (3W) – Silent and gentle filtration perfect for axolotls.

• Seachem Prime Conditioner (50mL) – Instantly detoxifies chlorine, chloramine, and ammonia.

• QZQ Digital Thermometer – Accurate and easy to read for consistent water temperature monitoring.

• API Master Water Test Kit – Complete kit for monitoring ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH levels.

• Axolotl Soft Pellets (3 oz) – Nutritionally balanced sinking pellets designed specifically for axolotls.

• Aquarium Plant Bundle – 20 Species – Great for providing cover and enrichment in bare-bottom or sand tanks.

• ALEGI Rock Cave Decor – Smooth, axolotl-safe hiding places to help reduce stress.

• Classic Natural Aquarium Sand – 40 lb. – Safe, fine sand that won’t cause impaction and supports healthy digging behavior.

Hunter’s Picks include affiliate links. Purchasing through them helps support Hunter’s Exotics at no extra cost. Thanks for your support!